The spelling for an 11th chord is this:
1 3 5 b7 9 11
So a C11 is: C E G Bb D F
Look familiar? It should. Bb D F is a Bb major chord.
Look at this D11: D F# A C E G. Whoa, it has a C chord on top!
An 11th chord is a major chord with another major chord, named 1 step lower, on top of it. You could call a C11 “Bb over C” and a lot of musicians would understand that. I don’t know how this relates to guitar (I never learned 11ths on guitar), but it’s pretty interesting, don’t you think? Partials that work for a C11 are:
- C (low voicing C E G)
- C7 (low voicing C E G b7)
- C9 (C E G Bb D)
- C7sus4 (wide voicing C G Bb F)
- Em7b5 (half-diminished E G Bb D)
- Em7b5b9 (E G Bb D F)
- Gm (G Bb D)
- Gm7 (high voicing G Bb D F)
- Bb6 (same notes as Gm7)
- Bb major (high voicing Bb D F)
Look at the notes as a 6-note scale: C D E F G Bb C. The only thing you have to watch out for in arranging an 11th chord is that you don’t place the 3rd (E) and 11th (F) in the same octave. Other than that, any combination of those notes can work as a partial of the chord for comping purposes.
Also remember that it’s a dominant chord – meaning it has a b7 and resolves to a 4th above. So C11 in our example will usually be followed by an F of some sort, and a G11 (F over G) would resolve to a C. If the 11th chord doesn’t resolve up a 4th, it’s a clue that your chart might be wrong. If a C11 is resolving to A or Am, for example, it’s probably a Em7b5. This makes little difference on guitar, but it drives bass players crazy because C is the wrong bass note.
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Followup notes for steel guitar players. There’s a popular lap steel tuning named B11th. After reading this article, I hope you’ve learned that it’s a B chord over an A chord. The notes of B11 are B D# F# A C# E. Notice that the top 4 strings are the same as the standard A6th tuning. This actually faked me out when I learned the Hawaiian standard “Sand” by Andy Iona from Jerry Byrd’s recording. I played and recorded it on A6th, unaware that Byrd (and everyone else) used B11th. My 9th chords were somewhat lacking. 🙁
On the pedal steel C6th tuning, P7+P8 produce an A11th (A E A C# E G B D) on the bottom 8 strings. On my D6th it’s a B11th, so I can finally play “Sand” in the right tuning. 🙂